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253 lines
6.8 KiB
253 lines
6.8 KiB
inspect.lua
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===========
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[](https://travis-ci.org/kikito/inspect.lua)
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[](https://coveralls.io/github/kikito/inspect.lua?branch=master)
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This library transforms any Lua value into a human-readable representation. It is especially useful for debugging errors in tables.
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The objective here is human understanding (i.e. for debugging), not serialization or compactness.
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Examples of use
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===============
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`inspect` has the following declaration: `local str = inspect(value, <options>)`.
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`value` can be any Lua value.
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`inspect` transforms simple types (like strings or numbers) into strings.
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```lua
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assert(inspect(1) == "1")
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assert(inspect("Hello") == '"Hello"')
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```
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Tables, on the other hand, are rendered in a way a human can read easily.
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"Array-like" tables are rendered horizontally:
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```lua
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assert(inspect({1,2,3,4}) == "{ 1, 2, 3, 4 }")
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```
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"Dictionary-like" tables are rendered with one element per line:
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```lua
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assert(inspect({a=1,b=2}) == [[{
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a = 1,
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b = 2
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}]])
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```
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The keys will be sorted alphanumerically when possible.
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"Hybrid" tables will have the array part on the first line, and the dictionary part just below them:
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```lua
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assert(inspect({1,2,3,b=2,a=1}) == [[{ 1, 2, 3,
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a = 1,
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b = 2
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}]])
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```
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Subtables are indented with two spaces per level.
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```lua
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assert(inspect({a={b=2}}) == [[{
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a = {
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b = 2
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}
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}]])
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```
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Functions, userdata and any other custom types from Luajit are simply as `<function x>`, `<userdata x>`, etc.:
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```lua
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assert(inspect({ f = print, ud = some_user_data, thread = a_thread} ) == [[{
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f = <function 1>,
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u = <userdata 1>,
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thread = <thread 1>
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}]])
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```
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If the table has a metatable, inspect will include it at the end, in a special field called `<metatable>`:
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```lua
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assert(inspect(setmetatable({a=1}, {b=2}) == [[{
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a = 1
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<metatable> = {
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b = 2
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}
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}]]))
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```
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`inspect` can handle tables with loops inside them. It will print `<id>` right before the table is printed out the first time, and replace the whole table with `<table id>` from then on, preventing infinite loops.
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```lua
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local a = {1, 2}
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local b = {3, 4, a}
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a[3] = b -- a references b, and b references a
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assert(inspect(a) == "<1>{ 1, 2, { 3, 4, <table 1> } }")
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```
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Notice that since both `a` appears more than once in the expression, it is prefixed by `<1>` and replaced by `<table 1>` every time it appears later on.
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### options
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`inspect` has a second parameter, called `options`. It is not mandatory, but when it is provided, it must be a table.
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#### options.depth
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`options.depth` sets the maximum depth that will be printed out.
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When the max depth is reached, `inspect` will stop parsing tables and just return `{...}`:
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```lua
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local t5 = {a = {b = {c = {d = {e = 5}}}}}
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assert(inspect(t5, {depth = 4}) == [[{
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a = {
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b = {
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c = {
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d = {...}
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}
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}
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}
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}]])
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assert(inspect(t5, {depth = 2}) == [[{
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a = {
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b = {...}
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}
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}]])
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```
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`options.depth` defaults to infinite (`math.huge`).
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#### options.newline & options.indent
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These are the strings used by `inspect` to respectively add a newline and indent each level of a table.
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By default, `options.newline` is `"\n"` and `options.indent` is `" "` (two spaces).
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``` lua
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local t = {a={b=1}}
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assert(inspect(t) == [[{
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a = {
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b = 1
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}
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}]])
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assert(inspect(t, {newline='@', indent="++"}), "{@++a = {@++++b = 1@++}@}"
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```
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#### options.process
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`options.process` is a function which allow altering the passed object before transforming it into a string.
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A typical way to use it would be to remove certain values so that they don't appear at all.
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`options.process` has the following signature:
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``` lua
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local processed_item = function(item, path)
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```
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* `item` is either a key or a value on the table, or any of its subtables
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* `path` is an array-like table built with all the keys that have been used to reach `item`, from the root.
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* For values, it is just a regular list of keys. For example, to reach the 1 in `{a = {b = 1}}`, the `path`
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will be `{'a', 'b'}`
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* For keys, the special value `inspect.KEY` is inserted. For example, to reach the `c` in `{a = {b = {c = 1}}}`,
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the path will be `{'a', 'b', 'c', inspect.KEY }`
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* For metatables, the special value `inspect.METATABLE` is inserted. For `{a = {b = 1}}}`, the path
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`{'a', {b = 1}, inspect.METATABLE}` means "the metatable of the table `{b = 1}`".
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* `processed_item` is the value returned by `options.process`. If it is equal to `item`, then the inspected
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table will look unchanged. If it is different, then the table will look different; most notably, if it's `nil`,
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the item will dissapear on the inspected table.
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#### Examples
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Remove a particular metatable from the result:
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``` lua
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local t = {1,2,3}
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local mt = {b = 2}
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setmetatable(t, mt)
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local remove_mt = function(item)
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if item ~= mt then return item end
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end
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-- mt does not appear
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assert(inspect(t, {process = remove_mt}) == "{ 1, 2, 3 }")
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```
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The previous exaple only works for a particular metatable. If you want to make *all* metatables, you can use the `path` parameter to check
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wether the last element is `inspect.METATABLE`, and return `nil` instead of the item:
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``` lua
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local t, mt = ... -- (defined as before)
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local remove_all_metatables = function(item, path)
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if path[#path] ~= inspect.METATABLE then return item end
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end
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assert(inspect(t, {process = remove_all_metatables}) == "{ 1, 2, 3 }")
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```
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Filter a value:
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```lua
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local anonymize_password = function(item, path)
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if path[#path] == 'password' then return "XXXX" end
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return item
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end
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local info = {user = 'peter', password = 'secret'}
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assert(inspect(info, {process = anonymize_password}) == [[{
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password = "XXXX",
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user = "peter"
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}]])
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```
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Gotchas / Warnings
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==================
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This method is *not* appropriate for saving/restoring tables. It is meant to be used by the programmer mainly while debugging a program.
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Installation
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============
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If you are using luarocks, just run
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luarocks install inspect
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Otherwise, you can just copy the inspect.lua file somewhere in your projects (maybe inside a /lib/ folder) and require it accordingly.
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Remember to store the value returned by require somewhere! (I suggest a local variable named inspect, although others might like table.inspect)
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local inspect = require 'inspect'
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-- or --
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local inspect = require 'lib.inspect'
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Also, make sure to read the license; the text of that license file must appear somewhere in your projects' files. For your convenience, it's included at the begining of inspect.lua.
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Specs
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=====
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This project uses [busted](http://olivinelabs.com/busted/) for its specs. If you want to run the specs, you will have to install busted first. Then just execute the following from the root inspect folder:
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busted
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Change log
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==========
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Read it on the CHANGELOG.md file
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